Examining teachers’ technological pedagogical and content knowledge in the era of cloud pedagogy

With the ongoing innovation of instructional technologies there has been an emerging call to examine what types of knowledge teachers require to survive in the era of cloud pedagogy. In response to this call we proposed a research model – TLPACK – which is based on technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK), information communication technologies - technological pedagogical content knowledge (ICT-TPCK), and education technology, pedagogy and didactics, academic subject-matter discipline, educational psychology and educational sociology knowledge (TPACK-XL), to explore the types of knowledge that teachers at various levels – from kindergarten to post-secondary level – should equip themselves with in detail. TLPACK consists of five constructs (technology knowledge, learner knowledge, pedagogy knowledge, academic discipline, content knowledge, and context knowledge) but in total the TLPACK scale comprises 39 items. All items were converged based on the viewpoints of five experts from academia and practice following six rounds of the Delphi method, and the finalised version was prepared for reliability and validity examination. Proportional stratified sampling was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey among teachers from kindergarten to post-secondary levels in Taiwan (n = 301). Rigorous statistical analyses were undertaken to examine the reliability and validity of this new model. Based on the results of statistical analyses, including item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis, it is reasonable to state that the proposed TLPACK scale has good reliability and validity for practical use. The conclusion and limitations of this study were drawn based on the extracted results, and suggestions for future study are reported at the end of this report.Keywords: Delphi method; hospitality education; ICT-TPCK; TLPACK; TPACK; TPACK-X

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT HEIGHTS ON MECHANICS OF CHILDREN'S LANDING

biomechanical implications of the impact and the resulting loads placed on lower extremity tissues of adults. This fact has caused a lack of research papers devoted to children. The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic and kinetic differences of children barefoot drop landing from three different heights (20, 40, 60 cm). Kinematic and kinetic data were acquired simultaneously, and then data were processed by inverse dynamics in order to acquire mechanical load data acting on the ankle, knee, and hip Joints. The quantitative results of the present study might generate more knowledge about the motor performance and the importance of landing. This knowledge should be considered while teaching, coaching and training children

Matrix Languages, Register Machines, Vector Addition Systems

We give a direct and simple proof of the equality of Parikh images of lan- guages generated by matrix grammars with appearance checking with the sets of vectors generated by register machines. As a particular case, we get the equality of the Parikh images of languages generated by matrix grammars without appearance checking with the sets of vectors generated by partially blind register machines. Then, we consider pure matrix grammars (i.e., grammars which do not distinguish terminal and nonterminal symbols), and prove the inclusion of the family of Parikh images of languages generated by such grammars (without appearance checking) in the family of sets of vectors generated by blind register machines, as well as the inclusion of reachability sets of vector addition systems in the family of Parikh images of pure matrix languages. For pure matrix grammars with a certain restriction on the form of matrices, also the converse of the latter inclusion is obtained. Thus, in view of the result from, we obtain the semilin- earity of languages generated by pure matrix grammars (without appearance checking) with alphabets with at most five letters, with the considered restrictions on the form of matrices. A pure matrix grammar with five symbols, but without restrictions on the form of matrices, is produced which generates a non-semilinear language